My Yao Guai origin theory:

M-14 rifle

First time out of the vault
The abortive Red Chinese invasion of the mainland lower 48 United states took massive casualtives when Rad Scorpions and Death Claws emerged afterwards. The Chinese had their genetics warfare branch breed Yao Guai bears as a counter measure against these same horrors. But the base where they were to be initially deployed was hit by an artillery strike. During this battle, the Yao Guai escaped and began interbreeding with the local bear population. By 2190, They had spread all over America.
 
I don't think the Chinese ever attacked the Lower 48. But a Fallout: Hawai'i, would have the potential to be very cool...
 
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