Climate, Agriculture, and Water in 2250s California

Aaron Burr

First time out of the vault
Completely unnecessary biographical information: I played the original Fallouts a long time ago, enjoyed them, and then set them down and didn't look at them again. Over the next decade or so I got a degree (Environmental Econ/Poli Sci with a focus on water sharing across international borders) and while I was researching the portrayal of water sharing in the media (on my own time, I'm a nerd), I suddenly remembered the Fallout series. FNV was out at the time, and you can imagine my excitement when I started reading about the plot and world. I decided to write a paper on the importance of water in the Fallout series, but quickly gave that up after becoming immensely frustrated with how the water purifier worked in Fallout 3 (especially because by this time I had professional experience with water resources and lived in the DC area. The inaccuracy drove me insane). So I forgot about the project and moved on, although the idea still lingered in the back of my mind.

Gist of my questions: I'm currently enjoying a hopefully temporary state of underemployment, and decided I wanted to go back to my tabletop gaming roots. I've decided I want to tell a story about Fallout's California in the 2250s, with the NCR-BoS War at the forefront and the rebuilding of California's Central Valley into the NCR's agricultural heartland. I'm going to lay out the research I've done so far, the ideas I have, and if anyone here finds mistakes either in the lore or my understanding of post-nuclear climate shift, I'd greatly appreciate it. I'm not a lore expert and while I have experience in the field, it's largely on the policy/smaller scale NGO side. I'm not a scientist unfortunately.

In real life, California suffers from chronic recurring drought, with a population based in areas that lack sufficient access to water, and grows water-intensive crops in regions that would be desert if not for heavily subsidized state irrigation projects. If California stopped pumping groundwater today, it would take 50 years for it to recharge to viable levels.
I'm imagining that in the Fallout universe, without the environmental/anti-dam movements of the 1970s, the government would have continued to create bigger and bigger dams, deeper and deeper wells, pinning the hope of America's food production on the Central Valley. Particularly with the famines of the 2050s and 2070s, I'm imagining the specter of another dustbowl, this time in California. Given the limitations of desalination (irl, even with practically 0 energy costs the price of transporting water from the coast to the Central Valley is far beyond what's economically feasible for profitable agriculture), the only viable solution would be an aggressive pumping of California's already diminishing aquifers. In real life, wells are being drilled down past 900 meters in some cases.

Enter the nukes.

My understanding of post-nuclear climate change suggests a short-term cooling accompanied with decreased precipitation rates. Van Buren design documents suggest a "Global Winter" in the 2130s, so this appears plausible. However, this would obviously be balanced out by the extreme decrease in population (I realize that Fallout fallout/nukes operate differently than irl ones, but I'd like my estimates to be plausible). The NCR's population during F2 is possibly 700k, and I'm imagining that by the period I'm interested in it could theoretically be hitting near 1 million due to rapid development and general stability. That's probably a high estimate, but the population numbers seem to vary as the plot demands so I'm in good company here. By the time of New Vegas, the NCR is able to project a substantial military force across an immense physical barrier in the form of the Sierra Nevadas. While their hold of the Mojave is not particularly stable, their ability to send an organized military out that far suggests at least the beginnings of a large scale industrial agricultural effort. While it's difficult to estimate the complexity of a state in real life, and even harder finding a parallel for a universe so dense as Fallout, I'd wager the NCR would feel comparable to late 1800s/early 1900s. The frontier is not perfect, but neither is it nearly so dangerous as it had been a few decades before, and the propaganda posters in FNV remind me strongly of WWI era recruitment posters, complete with Wilsonian idealism. If this estimate is the case, then the NCR is likely seeing a slow migration from the country to city, with food being supplied by an increasingly mechanized and large-scale agricultural effort.

If the Hoover Dam remains intact, I'm guessing the rest of California's are largely intact and not nuked either. Given Fallout's cultural stagnation in the 50s (known to be the era of big dams and water projects), I'm seeing California's rivers dammed to hell and back, with an even more massive version of the Oroville Dam. Decreased precipitation should be more than offset by the severely decreased water consumption rates of a post-apocalyptic population, so aquifers should have time to recharge, albeit not fully. And while NCR's population seems to be more reasonably re: water, it still requires a massive amount infrastructure to irrigate the Central Valley properly. Dams work well enough to a point, but after that you're going to start having to hit groundwater sources.

So this is the stage for my campaign. I've always wanted to see the BoS-NCR War, and since I won't be seeing that in a sequel anytime soon, I figured I might make it myself. The destruction of NCR's gold reserves is a surprise attack on NCR's economic infrastructure, and I'd imagine the numerically limited BoS would follow that up with the seizure of key water infrastructure projects, i.e. Oroville Dam. The themes of water as population control reoccur throughout the series, and I'd like to see what I can do with it. So the players are going to be faced with two goals at the beginning of the campaign: Turn the tide of the war against the BoS by mitigating their hold over the dam, and find a longer term solution to NCR development. Here's where I found inspiration from Cadillac Desert and Van Buren's design documents. Cadillac Desert (a history about water projects in the West) introduces the topic by claiming the original Mormon migration to Utah and their subsequent colonization created the model that the rest of the West's water projects followed. What little I've read of Van Buren suggests New Canaan's leader, Jeremiah Rigdon, uses water as a means of population control as well, albeit more benign than my proposed BoS attack. I like the references to actual Western history, I like the juxtaposition of the two, and I felt the Mormons were criminally underserved in Honest Hearts and I'd like to think I could do a passable job. Looking around for an attempt to solve NCR's crises, the players hear rumours from caravans travelling along the 80 with New Canaan of advanced Pre-War drilling systems. While NCR's level of technology is quite high, in my analysis wells would have to be dug at least down to 600 meters or so, and my guess is NCR's construction equipment isn't quite up to the task.

So my general themes are water as a means of population control and dams as both a military and developmental chokepoint, as envisioned as a post-post-apocalyptic version of Chinatown (excellent movie btw). Does this sound fun to anyone? Obviously all the research isn't going to be in the forefront of the campaign, but would you, as a player and presumably a devoted Fallout fan, find the situation plausible, acceptably Fallout canon kosher, and, most importantly, a setting you'd enjoy?

Forgive my ramblings, when I can't sleep I think about water or Fallout and this just happened to be both. The setting touches on a lot of topics I have little experience with, and even the parts I do have experience with my specialization was exceedingly narrow and less than useful outside of my little niche.

I also don't see how the water chip could be used for intensive agriculture. Not sure where that fits into my wall of text, just wanted to throw that in there.
 
Really cool idea.

The only hitch i can see is that, IIRC, Chief Hanlon in New Vegas mentions that the NCR was already failing to keep the dams and such in working order, which has led to wall the water drying up.
http://fallout.gamepedia.com/Hanlon's_dialogue
"Back west, you don't see too many of these. Lakes, I mean. Natural or man-made. Any kind, really. We neglected the dams or pumped all the water out a long time ago. Owens, Isabella, the San Luis. Drained the aquifers of everything they had. Just a lot of mud and dust now. It's a different feeling, watching the sun come up over the water. Takes some getting used to."

The BoS can't really take what doesn't exist.
 
I also don't see how the water chip could be used for intensive agriculture. Not sure where that fits into my wall of text, just wanted to throw that in there.

Look also at this in addition to Hanlon quotation:


Courier:
NCR has a food shortage?

Thomas Hildern:
Or, for a layman such as yourself - not enough food, too many mouths to feed. Mass starvation. In a decade or so.


NCR don't need BoS to fall aparat by itself.


 
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Well what's interesting is I just so happen am looking to illustrate a graphic novel set in the Fallout universe and the downside is I'm a terrible writer and don't know enough about the intricacies of the Fallout lore to make something worthwhile. If you're interested in writing I'll do the illustrating!
 
Well what's interesting is I just so happen am looking to illustrate a graphic novel set in the Fallout universe and the downside is I'm a terrible writer and don't know enough about the intricacies of the Fallout lore to make something worthwhile. If you're interested in writing I'll do the illustrating!

Then you have came to the right place!
 
Well what's interesting is I just so happen am looking to illustrate a graphic novel set in the Fallout universe and the downside is I'm a terrible writer and don't know enough about the intricacies of the Fallout lore to make something worthwhile. If you're interested in writing I'll do the illustrating!

Then you have came to the right place!

I guess so! Works out well then.
 
This is amazing,such great ideas :grin: i have a few questions about the subject 1-how could BoS conquer a dam if they can't even defend helios one? 2-This is a question i have since new vegas:why water is potable? A nucleat fallout should have irradiated every Lake/river/ocean,i mean,water purifiers should be as important as dams.
P.S: sorry for my poor english!
P.P.S: Captainlonestar,can you share some of your drwnings for this project,i'm very interested in post-apocalyptic sci-fi and graphic novels!
 
This is amazing,such great ideas :grin: i have a few questions about the subject 1-how could BoS conquer a dam if they can't even defend helios one? 2-This is a question i have since new vegas:why water is potable? A nucleat fallout should have irradiated every Lake/river/ocean,i mean,water purifiers should be as important as dams.
P.S: sorry for my poor english!
P.P.S: Captainlonestar,can you share some of your drwnings for this project,i'm very interested in post-apocalyptic sci-fi and graphic novels!

The BoS couldn't hold Helios because the location itself was indefensible, and I'm imagining the BoS would have more resources pre-NCR-BoS War.
As far as radiation goes, to my knowledge water can only be directly irradiated in extremely rare circumstances. The dangers of water come from the possibility of fallout particles contained within, but I'm guessing that 200 years later most of those would be settled out. If not, you can literally purify water by pouring it over gravel. It's a little more complicated than that, but not by much.
 
This is amazing,such great ideas :grin: i have a few questions about the subject 1-how could BoS conquer a dam if they can't even defend helios one? 2-This is a question i have since new vegas:why water is potable? A nucleat fallout should have irradiated every Lake/river/ocean,i mean,water purifiers should be as important as dams.
P.S: sorry for my poor english!
P.P.S: Captainlonestar,can you share some of your drwnings for this project,i'm very interested in post-apocalyptic sci-fi and graphic novels!

The BoS couldn't hold Helios because the location itself was indefensible, and I'm imagining the BoS would have more resources pre-NCR-BoS War.
As far as radiation goes, to my knowledge water can only be directly irradiated in extremely rare circumstances. The dangers of water come from the possibility of fallout particles contained within, but I'm guessing that 200 years later most of those would be settled out. If not, you can literally purify water by pouring it over gravel. It's a little more complicated than that, but not by much.
well,i'm not sure,to purify irratiated water a engineer/scientists equipe in my country depeloved this purifier a few years ago
HTML:
https://www.researchitaly.it/en/understanding/project-and-success-stories/success-stories/wow-the-italian-invention-which-removes-radioactivity-from-contaminated-water/
so i guess there's a little more complicated process.
Anyway,if Fallout's world isn't a Fury road's world with no water remaing,and also water resources aren't irradiated,which is difference with real life "water managment n control"?
the idea is "control the water,control the people" with a post apocalyptic slant,basically,without radiation issues,it feels less post atomic
 
Mishmash, it won't let me post URL's since I'm new to the forum. If you type in CaptainLoneStar on deviantart it should show you. There's some t51 studies on there and one 3d render of a mutated creature. I have more but not on that account.feel free to post the link to my deviantart if it shows up since I cannot.
 
This is amazing,such great ideas :grin: i have a few questions about the subject 1-how could BoS conquer a dam if they can't even defend helios one? 2-This is a question i have since new vegas:why water is potable? A nucleat fallout should have irradiated every Lake/river/ocean,i mean,water purifiers should be as important as dams.
P.S: sorry for my poor english!
P.P.S: Captainlonestar,can you share some of your drwnings for this project,i'm very interested in post-apocalyptic sci-fi and graphic novels!

The BoS couldn't hold Helios because the location itself was indefensible, and I'm imagining the BoS would have more resources pre-NCR-BoS War.
As far as radiation goes, to my knowledge water can only be directly irradiated in extremely rare circumstances. The dangers of water come from the possibility of fallout particles contained within, but I'm guessing that 200 years later most of those would be settled out. If not, you can literally purify water by pouring it over gravel. It's a little more complicated than that, but not by much.
well,i'm not sure,to purify irratiated water a engineer/scientists equipe in my country depeloved this purifier a few years ago
HTML:
https://www.researchitaly.it/en/understanding/project-and-success-stories/success-stories/wow-the-italian-invention-which-removes-radioactivity-from-contaminated-water/
so i guess there's a little more complicated process.
Anyway,if Fallout's world isn't a Fury road's world with no water remaing,and also water resources aren't irradiated,which is difference with real life "water managment n control"?
the idea is "control the water,control the people" with a post apocalyptic slant,basically,without radiation issues,it feels less post atomic

The larger scale you want to purify water on, the more complicated the purification process is going to have to be. That being said, I've not seen any models suggesting radiation would remain present at harmful levels in water two centuries later. I don't believe any nukes were dropped in the Sierra Nevadas anyways, so most of the source of the water should be fine and not need purification.

But you're right, it does feel less post-atomic. The part of the Fallout series that interests me is not the post-apocalyptic aspect, it's that societies are starting to form again and they're deciding which values from the Old World should be salvaged, which should be left behind, and which never really existed in the first place. I don't really care for post-apocalyptic fiction in general, but Fallout pulls as much from the Western genre and frontier economies as it does from the more standard immediate post-apoc fare. That's why I want to create a plot in a setting further removed from direct nuclear sites (I can't imagine why anyone would nuke the Central Valley, in the real world it lacks any major population hubs or military sites). I've thought about running the campaign in the Shadowrun setting, but ignoring the fact that I know substantially less about Shadowrun lore than I do Fallout, the themes of water resource management are quite prevalent within the series (the main plot points of 3 and NV, obviously touched on in F1 as well) and I'd like to keep it in Fallout because of that perspective.
 
This is amazing,such great ideas :grin: i have a few questions about the subject 1-how could BoS conquer a dam if they can't even defend helios one? 2-This is a question i have since new vegas:why water is potable? A nucleat fallout should have irradiated every Lake/river/ocean,i mean,water purifiers should be as important as dams.
P.S: sorry for my poor english!
P.P.S: Captainlonestar,can you share some of your drwnings for this project,i'm very interested in post-apocalyptic sci-fi and graphic novels!

The BoS couldn't hold Helios because the location itself was indefensible, and I'm imagining the BoS would have more resources pre-NCR-BoS War.
As far as radiation goes, to my knowledge water can only be directly irradiated in extremely rare circumstances. The dangers of water come from the possibility of fallout particles contained within, but I'm guessing that 200 years later most of those would be settled out. If not, you can literally purify water by pouring it over gravel. It's a little more complicated than that, but not by much.
well,i'm not sure,to purify irratiated water a engineer/scientists equipe in my country depeloved this purifier a few years ago
HTML:
https://www.researchitaly.it/en/understanding/project-and-success-stories/success-stories/wow-the-italian-invention-which-removes-radioactivity-from-contaminated-water/
so i guess there's a little more complicated process.
Anyway,if Fallout's world isn't a Fury road's world with no water remaing,and also water resources aren't irradiated,which is difference with real life "water managment n control"?
the idea is "control the water,control the people" with a post apocalyptic slant,basically,without radiation issues,it feels less post atomic

The larger scale you want to purify water on, the more complicated the purification process is going to have to be. That being said, I've not seen any models suggesting radiation would remain present at harmful levels in water two centuries later. I don't believe any nukes were dropped in the Sierra Nevadas anyways, so most of the source of the water should be fine and not need purification.

But you're right, it does feel less post-atomic. The part of the Fallout series that interests me is not the post-apocalyptic aspect, it's that societies are starting to form again and they're deciding which values from the Old World should be salvaged, which should be left behind, and which never really existed in the first place. I don't really care for post-apocalyptic fiction in general, but Fallout pulls as much from the Western genre and frontier economies as it does from the more standard immediate post-apoc fare. That's why I want to create a plot in a setting further removed from direct nuclear sites (I can't imagine why anyone would nuke the Central Valley, in the real world it lacks any major population hubs or military sites). I've thought about running the campaign in the Shadowrun setting, but ignoring the fact that I know substantially less about Shadowrun lore than I do Fallout, the themes of water resource management are quite prevalent within the series (the main plot points of 3 and NV, obviously touched on in F1 as well) and I'd like to keep it in Fallout because of that perspective.

mmh,ok. So why is water so scarce? People fight over it,but purified water is not that rare as in mad max or in that movie with denzel washington.Lack of precipitations due to nuclear winter,maybe? can't people of california just take all the water they need from the ocean and then desalinate it? (pretty common procedure)
by the way,do you have some plot idea? characters,objectives,ect?
 
mmh,ok. So why is water so scarce? People fight over it,but purified water is not that rare as in mad max or in that movie with denzel washington.Lack of precipitations due to nuclear winter,maybe? can't people of california just take all the water they need from the ocean and then desalinate it? (pretty common procedure)
by the way,do you have some plot idea? characters,objectives,ect?
Water is scarce in California in real life already. The problems are a) the bulk of California's population is located in areas that lack access to freshwater (literally desert) and b) California has an incredible potential for agricultural production, some of the best in world due to the soil of the Central Valley, but once again these areas lack the amount of water needed for such high intensity agriculture. This is compounded by the fact that California has been suffering a drought off and on since the 1970s, and the heavy use of aquifers for farming has led to water levels in said aquifers dropping to areas that cannot be reached without substantial effort and technology.

These problems would only be amplified in the Fallout universe, as the water conservation movements in the 1970s would not be realistic in Fallout's pre-War culture. As I mentioned in the original post, nuclear fallout would cause a decrease in precipitation, and the collapse of society could easily destroy the knowledge and technology necessary to create deep wells. Desal is neither feasible now, nor ever will be barring some sort of massive technology breakthrough along the lines of the Sierra Madre's Vending Machines due to the fact that California's agricultural region is located far from the coast, necessitating prohibitive transportation costs and massive infrastructure projects to transport them. Desal is only a common procedure on a large scale for very affluent coastal cities that lack any other source of water. I also feel a campaign based around an adventure to recover lost pre-War tech would be both more of an enjoyable experience and a more feasible one than to convince NCR's Senate to approve a massive water pipeline, although the latter might be an interesting story in different circumstances.

As mentioned in my post, the objectives of the campaign would be multilayered:
  1. The players will need to mitigate the BoS' control over NCR resources (both environmental and economic)
  2. Which necessitates the discovery of alternative sources of water
  3. Players will chase down rumours of such technology in both Baja (presaging the 2281 Baja Campaign mentioned in NV) and New Canaan
  4. Players will travel to New Canaan to retrieve the technology Jeremiah Rigdon is using (allowing me to repurpose Van Buren design documents and tying into real life parallels of water development in the West)
  5. Rigdon will not give the water away for free, leading to a series of sub-objectives relating to the area and stretching into Colorado
  6. Players will eventually return to California, begin implementation and construction of the deep wells
  7. Campaign will conclude with the military defeat of the BoS in NCR and the aftermath of the war

The strengths of the campaign as I see it are that the campaign parallels the real life existential nature of California's water crisis, making the topic politically timely (my players are interested in that sort of thing), the campaign will be able to serve as an unofficial Fallout 2.5, a cross between 2 and Van Buren with the themes of NV, and the multi-year (in story) gap between numbers 4 and 6 will allow players to directly see and experience the impact of the decisions they made before departing for New Canaan (C&C uber alles).

I have more material (characters, locations, quests, etc) written out and researched to some degree, but what I was trying to achieve with this discussion was less saying "Everyone come look at this cool campaign I made!" and more asking if folks felt it would match the Fallout universe in both lore and theme.
 
mmh,ok. So why is water so scarce? People fight over it,but purified water is not that rare as in mad max or in that movie with denzel washington.Lack of precipitations due to nuclear winter,maybe? can't people of california just take all the water they need from the ocean and then desalinate it? (pretty common procedure)
by the way,do you have some plot idea? characters,objectives,ect?
Water is scarce in California in real life already. The problems are a) the bulk of California's population is located in areas that lack access to freshwater (literally desert) and b) California has an incredible potential for agricultural production, some of the best in world due to the soil of the Central Valley, but once again these areas lack the amount of water needed for such high intensity agriculture. This is compounded by the fact that California has been suffering a drought off and on since the 1970s, and the heavy use of aquifers for farming has led to water levels in said aquifers dropping to areas that cannot be reached without substantial effort and technology.

These problems would only be amplified in the Fallout universe, as the water conservation movements in the 1970s would not be realistic in Fallout's pre-War culture. As I mentioned in the original post, nuclear fallout would cause a decrease in precipitation, and the collapse of society could easily destroy the knowledge and technology necessary to create deep wells. Desal is neither feasible now, nor ever will be barring some sort of massive technology breakthrough along the lines of the Sierra Madre's Vending Machines due to the fact that California's agricultural region is located far from the coast, necessitating prohibitive transportation costs and massive infrastructure projects to transport them. Desal is only a common procedure on a large scale for very affluent coastal cities that lack any other source of water. I also feel a campaign based around an adventure to recover lost pre-War tech would be both more of an enjoyable experience and a more feasible one than to convince NCR's Senate to approve a massive water pipeline, although the latter might be an interesting story in different circumstances.

As mentioned in my post, the objectives of the campaign would be multilayered:
  1. The players will need to mitigate the BoS' control over NCR resources (both environmental and economic)
  2. Which necessitates the discovery of alternative sources of water
  3. Players will chase down rumours of such technology in both Baja (presaging the 2281 Baja Campaign mentioned in NV) and New Canaan
  4. Players will travel to New Canaan to retrieve the technology Jeremiah Rigdon is using (allowing me to repurpose Van Buren design documents and tying into real life parallels of water development in the West)
  5. Rigdon will not give the water away for free, leading to a series of sub-objectives relating to the area and stretching into Colorado
  6. Players will eventually return to California, begin implementation and construction of the deep wells
  7. Campaign will conclude with the military defeat of the BoS in NCR and the aftermath of the war

The strengths of the campaign as I see it are that the campaign parallels the real life existential nature of California's water crisis, making the topic politically timely (my players are interested in that sort of thing), the campaign will be able to serve as an unofficial Fallout 2.5, a cross between 2 and Van Buren with the themes of NV, and the multi-year (in story) gap between numbers 4 and 6 will allow players to directly see and experience the impact of the decisions they made before departing for New Canaan (C&C uber alles).

I have more material (characters, locations, quests, etc) written out and researched to some degree, but what I was trying to achieve with this discussion was less saying "Everyone come look at this cool campaign I made!" and more asking if folks felt it would match the Fallout universe in both lore and theme.
alrite,got it. sorry if I wasted your time :/
about fallout universe adherence,i'm not sure,but I think hoover dam is still here in 2281 thanks mr house defense of las vegas and its energy resource,the dam.
so i think that this intact dam is unique/rare case,and this is why ncr spend so much troops and resources to defend it from the legion.
again,sorry for my english.

i really like your campaign ideas,tell us more ,not (only) to show your cool work but also for some advices and impression,some folks in here are real fallout experts (i've lurked a little bit on this site)
 
I'm not completely clear on what your goal is. Are you just having a conversation about the intracacies of the Fallout more or are you writing a story?
 
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