Many sci-fi pulps from the 40's to 60's era. The Vault Dweller was very Silver Age of comics in style in regards to the vault suit, but besides that things turn much darker, befitting a lot more of the sci-fi writing of that time. The reason why I mention the pulp as the strongest point is because the action of fighting being more pugilism-based than something from wu xia, also follow along with that style.
A good movie I would have to cite references from, especially due to the radscorpions, is
THEM!
/me lovingly smiles at an original THEM! movie poster framed on the wall.
Another would be a social concern of that time, the Roswell UFO sightings. The Cuban Missile Crisis. A lot of other early Cold War material.
Fallout initially had a sprinkling of more modern sci-fi influences, but only if they really fit into the theme. A Boy and His Dog is one of note. After the poor handling and management surrounding Fallout 2, anything remotely sci-fi That diluted the setting too much with poorly-written material which should be ignored. A few easter eggs and references are good, but those in Fallout show style rather than inclusion for the sake of it like Fallout 2 and FOT.
The intro music of the Fallout series is a big one. You can generally anticipate if a game is going to suck or not on this aspect.
Fallout had Maybe, which was a slow, optomistic song given what it was put alongside. It gave a bittersweet irony and then a desolate feeling once the last shred of media was cut off.
A Kiss to Build a Dram On was another good choice, although the intro was a tad bland compared to that of Fallout's. It had potential to add a lot more feeling but comparatively it fell flat given that the inro movie didn't do much to add feeling besides show a safety cartoon, which did fit the setting but didn't feel that heavy as an intro. I could see a better intro with more feeling if it had used another important media aspect popular to that time and relevant to Fallout's style - a partially-burned Vault Dweller's guide that looks a bit like the spiral-bound manuals (which is a bit like the FEMA guides of the nuke scare), but flips forward in the wind to explain events. The camera pulls back to show it is then used by ignorant tribals to help start a fire, or a number of other ways to show irony. But that's a matter of style preference.
FOT had a generic guitar riff that turned out as misplaced as many of the other elements in the game.
And F
OS has a generic media whore album compilation because that's "trendy" to have despite the songs getting repetitiously annoying, fast. Sound and background music should be an important aspect, versus being a genre mix of those stupid compilation CDs they are always hawking on TV that always has one song you completely loathe.
I'm also working on this topic for one of the articles I'm writing. (I know people are tired of hearing that by now, but much of this is also included into them so it saves time.)