You know, the discussion recently flamed up again in Holland. One of our new stations managed to dig up a CD-Rom from the department of tourism of Turkey which point-blank denies the genocide of the Armenians in the early 20th century ever happened. Oh my God, Dutch Euro-politicians go, this is unacceptable! Turkey must not be allowed to join the EU until they accept their guilt in the Armenian genocide! This is not European! We always accept our own guilt, they must too!
Grand Dutch journalism. Netwerk looks important because they dug up an irrelevant CD-Rom and inflated its importance, the Euro-politicians look important because they can be all moral towards Turkey, which we all love. Damned Turks.
Sometimes I hate my country.
It raised an interesting issue for me again. I've never seen conclusive evidence that the genocide in fact happened. I've seen evidence that crimes were comitted, but nothing of the scale or intention that shows genocidal tendencies. Yet somehow this has always been incontestible. You may not say that maybe there was no genocide, damn you!
Today an interesting article popped up from Justin MCCarthy, professor of history at the University of Louisville and author of "The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire". I'll translate some fragments:
Now I find this worrying. I have always felt some sympathies for opression of mention of the German genocide of the Jews and the fact that it is forbidden by law in a number of countries to mention the genocide or read Hitler's little book, but the above shows that there are a number of problems with this kind of state regulation of historical facts. It's understandable that people are weary of historical falsifications surrounding the genocide of the Jews and people don't want to forget these crimes, but it's too easy to twist this policy to cover other facts and turn it into propaganda against people such as the Turks, who are guilty of many crimes, but perhaps not of all the crimes they're being accused of. This kind of opression of facts is not only unjust, but also highly dangerous.[/quote]
Grand Dutch journalism. Netwerk looks important because they dug up an irrelevant CD-Rom and inflated its importance, the Euro-politicians look important because they can be all moral towards Turkey, which we all love. Damned Turks.
Sometimes I hate my country.
It raised an interesting issue for me again. I've never seen conclusive evidence that the genocide in fact happened. I've seen evidence that crimes were comitted, but nothing of the scale or intention that shows genocidal tendencies. Yet somehow this has always been incontestible. You may not say that maybe there was no genocide, damn you!
Today an interesting article popped up from Justin MCCarthy, professor of history at the University of Louisville and author of "The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire". I'll translate some fragments:
The term "genocide" for Turkish acts is easily shown to be incorrect.
(...)
Although the commitment of "Armenian genocide" has officially been recognised by parliaments and courts, the existence of it is not a decided matter. As more historical research is done, it has become clear that there has been a terrible war between the Turks and the Armenians, but that there can be no mention of genocide.
(description of Armenian revolt during WW 1, how much they damaged the Ottoman war effort)
The Ottoman command to deport the Armenians can be explained by the damage caused by the Armenian rebellion. If the Ottoman reaction was exagerated is a matter of discussion between historians, but no objective analyst can doubt the fact that the Ottomans had good reasons to fear rebellious movements from the Armenians. They had to do something to defend themselves.
Can you call the reaction of the Ottomans genocide? The definition of the UN, the most quoted definition, doesn't bring any enlightenment. The UN states genocide is "acts committed with the intent to wipe out, partially or whole, nationally, ethnically, racially or religiously defined groups." The problem is in the word "partially". According to the definition of the UN war is always genocide. The war between the Turks and the Armenians is a war like any other.
Did the Ottoman government give the command to murder Armenians? Yes, just like the Armenian authorities gave the command to murder Turks and Kurds. The Ottomans hung Armenian revolutionary leaders. Some victims were innocent. The Armenians selected Ottoman government officials to kill. There were innocents there too. Mass murders were committed against Armenians by muslims, especiallyu in Harput and Trabzon. There were also mass murders, on a much larger scale, committed by the Armenians on muslims in cities like Van, Bitlis, Erzurum and Mamahatum.
The Armenians and the muslims died by murder, hunger and disease in the war zone. The death rate was roughly the same in both groups, about 40%. If one party is guilty of genocide, than both parties were guilty of genocide.
Practically most people define "genocide" as an effort to wipe out all members of a national, ethnic or religious group. This was not the case in the Ottoman Empire. Some false "bloodbathorders" and other dubious evidence have been dug up, but nobody ever found an authentuc order from the government to commit genocide.
It is not logically possible to prove that something doesn't exist. It is possible to reveal that the acts of the Ottomans were not genocidal; the Armenians from Ottoman Europe and West-Anatolia were not seen as a threat and they were not deported. They were left in peace.
The largest majority of the Armenians who were deported, survived the deportations. Armenian deported were given food from the supplies of the Ottoman army. This could not possible by genocide.
Why is so little of this history known in Europe and America? The answer to that question is related to traditional anti-Turkish feelings in Europe and the US - feelings that go back to the Middle Ages. And amongst people who are not too happy about current Turkey and their way of dealing with human rights there is a tendency to believe the worst of the Turks. And some use the demands that Turkey must recognise the genocide as a historical fact as a strategy to keep Turkey out of the EU.
(some stuff, including notes about powerful international Armenian lobbies and the failure of the Turkish republic to study the subject, as they feared anger from the population against the Armenians, which would be bad for Turkey's reputation)
In France it is forbidden to state that there has been no case of genocide against the Armenians. The historian Bernard Lewis was haunted by lawsuits for years in France because he denied the genocide. In the end he was found guilty. There are comparable laws in Zwitserland. In that country they have started a lawcase against the chairman of the Turkish Historical Union. He is being accused of denying the Armenian genocide. A law is currently going through Belgian parliament to turn denying the genocide into a law. In France, Switzerland and soon probably Belgium too this article would be againt the law. (In Holland the Christian UInion is currently designing a law by Belgian model, red.)
America is not far behind in this opression of history. The pressure is more subtle there, though. Young scientists are recommended no to study such a "dangerous" subject. Older scientists simply know their carreers would be hurt if they study the subject. American newspapers have caved into the political and economic pressure and don't even try to make a balanced analysis of the case. In more liberal times the Boston Globe once published an article stating that during the First World War both Turks and Armenians were killed. Two thousand Armenian protestors and the threat of losing revenue by advertisements convinced the paper never to print such material again. Frustated by the refusing of the media to publish anything other than one side of the case, sdome even tried to make their views known by paying for it.
Neither the politicians nor the newspapers who try to supress the study of the history of the Turks and Armenians can state they have ever studied this history.
In France and Switzerland a historian who denies the genocide can go to jail, in the US he can lose his job. No wonder only one side of the story is told. Now that Turkey has opened his archives, more and more scientific publications are brought forth by which the hypothesis of the genocide loses ground.
If Europeans and Americans are ever to see this version of history is, sadly, a matter of politics.
Now I find this worrying. I have always felt some sympathies for opression of mention of the German genocide of the Jews and the fact that it is forbidden by law in a number of countries to mention the genocide or read Hitler's little book, but the above shows that there are a number of problems with this kind of state regulation of historical facts. It's understandable that people are weary of historical falsifications surrounding the genocide of the Jews and people don't want to forget these crimes, but it's too easy to twist this policy to cover other facts and turn it into propaganda against people such as the Turks, who are guilty of many crimes, but perhaps not of all the crimes they're being accused of. This kind of opression of facts is not only unjust, but also highly dangerous.[/quote]