One of your problems is that you keep seeing sexism as a blame game, rather than a widespread societal issue. You want to blame women, and somehow show that men or specific companies are not to blame for unequal pay. I don't really care who's to blame: I'm just seeing a societal system that produces fundamental inequalities through a variety of factors. And yes, those factors include women's choices -- as I keep saying, though, those choices are not made in a vacuum. Work/life-balance is more important to women than men specifically because of how our society is set up. Similarly, their choice not to enter certain male-dominated professions is heavily influenced by the culture at large, and the work culture in those industries that is often hostile to women. I've given specific examples of these things. Blaming women is much too simplistic for my tastes, and going "yeah well that's just their choice" is a cop-out, to me.
compare the following jobs:
Company A:
wants a system admin who works 70 hours a week, on call 24/7. full medical/dental, 2 weeks vacation every year, 1 week sick.
salaried at 80k first 2 years going to 95k after that.
Company B:
wants a system admin who works 9-4 M-F, no on-call. sponsors 75% of medical/dental, 3 weeks vacation and 1 week sick leave a year.
salaried at 60k first 2 years going to 65k after that.
show those 2 above positions equally qualified 100 men and 100 women and tell them they can only apply to one of those jobs. if women as a majority prefer B to A, and men prefer A to B, your stance is that because it was not evenly split, it is inherent societal/cultural sexism that men want A and women want B rather than vice versa.
now lets say that 100 men took A and 100 women took B, any wage/pay gap study for the first 2 years would find men were making 20k more than women, and after 2 years the men were making 30k more than the women.
my position is that there is no problem. the men made their choice, the women made their choice.
there are a myriad of reasons people have for taking jobs they take. hell, anyone talking about that "pay gap" in the difference between the companies would be doing so within a vacuum of individual choice. to even claim there is a problem you would have to ignore the difference between the 2 companies. the only way to actually have a meaningful pay gap is if there were 10 women working for company A and NOT getting the same deal the men got. same with 10 men at company B not getting the same deal the women got. THAT would be a TRUE wage/pay gap.
but that is not what ANY of the studies you have linked shows. the studies you link are ones that compare the pay from company A to company B in the vacuum of all the other factors, and then claim there is a GENDER pay gap when the pay difference is not based on GENDER but rather choices they make as individuals. people who think that a pay gap is a problem and think that something needs to be done are not addressing that the pay gap represents different priorities, but that there is a problem with the men because they make so much more, company A for paying so much more, or else company B for paying so little.
again, my point is that as long as men and women in company A are getting the same deal, and the men and women in company B are getting the same deal, then there is no pay gap.
that is what i have been trying to get across.