I am pretty sure that the Calculator's humanoid robots are pretty much the definition of the term 'robot'.
Under android I perceive a machine that tries to mimic the human being or any other creature, giving it features that go far beyond just the humanoid form (really attempting to look like a human, expressions etc).
The Calculator's humanoid robots were simply designed to operate and interact in environments designed for human use (buildings), and use equipment and machines made for humans.
Their decision making capabilities were also limited, capable of carrying out instructions like standing guard, operating machinery, and so on, but requiring orders from more powerful robots like the pacification robots on what to do next.
I wouldn't rule out that more independent action capable humanoid robots would exist like the one the Mid West BOS salvaged but they are the exception rather than the rule and they still operate within strict set of parameters without deviating from them.
The humanoid robots were probably very new technology before the War, only barely out of the prototype phase when Acme was contracted to manufacture a workforce for Vault 0 but unknown to the rest of the country, making their Post War appearance such a shock to the wastelanders who were only familiar with broken and working examples of General Atomics and Robco.
Perhaps work continued on them in the Vault for a while but we know from Tactics that most people went into hibernation and suffered brain damage that left them in childlike or vegetable state, so whatever research was done was very limited.
Stanislao Moulinsky said:
The most ridicolous part was that they were giving all those useless, complex and -presumably- extremely expensive features to slaves. This commonwealth sure has a lot of money to waste.
That indeed doesn't make sense in the Fallout world, creating nearly completely human like androids for the purpose of a workforce.
Using them as assistants, agents, or infiltrators could make some sense, but for what they were used the Institute could just as well have build regular robots (they can build complex androids so why not robots), or just use slave labor or indentured servants like Vault City did.
Its far cheaper and far more efficient, especially in a world were advanced manufacturing resources are rare.