Fallout allowed the PC to define aptitudes, and start out proficient in something; even FO3 retained a sliver of this.
The only game that I have seen to do 'learn by doing' well, was Lands of Lore:Throne of Chaos; and even then the PCs all had lives leading up to the start of the game, and begin the game as very competent in one area, or reasonably competent in several.
** I would be open and look forward to a Lands of Lore sequel by Bethesda. I might also like their take on a the Palladium Books RIFTS setting. These kind of suit them, where Fallout does not.
*** Incidentally, Lands of Lore:ToC was a first person dungeon crawler with fully voiced PC dialog, and a lot of it; made in 1994; just around the time that development of Fallout was begun.
****Incidentally again... Two years before Fallout, Interplay's big game was a first person adventure with a spell casting, sword wielding warrior, and was fully voiced, and had dual wielded weapons that hit where you targeted. It's called Stonekeep.