alec said:
Yeah.
Sander said:
"Befehl ist befehl" hasn't been a valid excuse since the second World War.
Why hasn't anyone written an article yet on how ridiculous the invalidity (sp?) of that is?
Because, seriously: "Befehl ist befehl." It simply is. The crazy logic that you should disobey orders from your superiors when you deem them immoral, will most likely get
you punished/killed. That works on every level, from home over work to dreadful things like war.
...
For the simple reason because you "had" the choice to disobey, even in the German army. Issue is. Enough didnt folowed it and just said it was some order later when they had to face the concequences. They did the things often enough with firm conviction. Many German soldiers even Generals refused to participate in the mass murder and genocide. They never got any punishment. You dont kill a large junk of your soldiers when you need every men on the frontline only cause he refused to kill prisoniers. The downside of this effect though was (and many men seen that during that time as issue) that comanders and leading officers would eventualy not grant you the honor in war cause to receive a medal you would usualy need a officer and comrades as reputation. Now if the Comander was a die hard believer of the Nazi party your situation in the unit would be serious. Nothing is ever "just" black or white. There is never a single reason.
For the case you did not wanted to participate in the war, yes for that you could be punished with death with law of war as enough people did deserted but here the German army was not in any case different then letz say the US or Soviet military during war no machinery takes desert lightly. There are stories from a soldier in austria (a pitty I dont remember the name anymore ...) which got in jail and killed by the German military for desertion he did not wanted to follow the conscription cause the war was no deffence but a attack and thus not right in his perception.
That is the main difference between the German Military and the Allied Military (including the Soviets). THey been in the defence from the begining. They have not been the agressors.
People should also not forget that in 1930s the Weimar Verfassung (constituation) was still in place Hitler used the Enabling Act to merge the office of Chancellor with that of President to create a new office and in 1934 the "Führereid" or Reichswehreid was used forthe oath of allegiance of the German Forces which have been all done contra to the Weimar constituation as it happend without the acceptance of the Reichstag (Parliament?) they did a popular vote but that was very questionable.
No soldier, officer or general had a reason to feel bound by the Reich or oath as it happend against the Weimar constituation. How many people knew about this or had the political sense to understand it is a question. And still many followed the whole machinery and stystem till the end. I dont believe in some collective guility. But no one could either explain his actions in the end by simply saying it have been "orders" or that he never knew about it.
SuAside said:
Mikael Grizzly, read The Forgotten Solder by Guy Sajer.
(a bit controvertial, but all in all it seems to paint a fairly decent picture of what went on on the eastern front)
i fucking loathe nazis, Mikael, but nothing is every black & white, just varying degrees of grey...
Not every individual or member of the SS particularly the so called "Freiwilligen Divisionen" which had at some point even members from all across europe were criminals. The SS was probably the army with most different nations inside since the time of Atila. So it definetly can be discussed if the single Waffen SS soldier was a "criminal" or not as many certainly have been forced in to service by the German Military as anyone can see with the divisions that have been created after the occupation of poland. The W-SS had in the end aprox. 1 Million members in the end of 1944 and most probably have not been German in their origin. Enough have not even been able to speak German. For that case often enough German "historians" and "scientists" of that time would change the origin of a folk (see the Cossak divisions in the German army) so that it had for example not "slavic" but "goth" roots. Now probably any of those "divisions" have not been Nazis or ever even had anything to do with their Ubermensch/Rassen stuff.
But what can not be debated is the political motivations and indoctrination inside the SS or the whole system it represented and thus make it a criminal organisation. Alone the fact that Himmler was the leader of all SS units shows pretty well how much of a criminal organisatoin it was. Even if the individual was eventualy NOT a criminal cause today it is known that most of the German nazis served in the Wehrmacht (statisticaly) it can not be desputed that they suported a criminal subject. One can not discuss the SS without Himmler and his clear and obvious motivations just as one can not discuss the whole Nazi regime without its leaders and Hitler. Members of the Wehrmacht have the same fate. Even if they never been a member of crimes or never even "killed" anyone. They still been a member of the whole system and machinery. And and think no one wants to really dispute the wrongess in the motivations behind those that have lead all the organisations of the third Reich.
Dragula said:
http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=2788
SS is pretty GREY, not dark grey, not light grey, just grey.
Yet, again. This are "individuals". From what I think Grizzly is thinking about the "Organisatoin" as whole. Just like the "Third Reich" as whole or the "Second World War" as whole.
One can always discuss the individual actions of soldiers, units or a whole army in the war. But one can not discuss the "gray" area of the organisation as whole cause the motivations behind it and the reasons why this organisation have been fund are obvious and clear to everyone. From the begining.
What ever a individual has done. Even if a W-SS General was Mother Theresa and Ghandi in one person and helped Millions it will not change the fact that Himmler was the head of the organisation and never made a secret out of his motivations or what the target of the SS was or in which direction it had to go. People remember what was needed to join the SS in the 1930's before the time the rules got slacked! You HAD to be "aryan" in to the third generation or so and you HAD to prove it or you could not be a member of the SS! The SS was meant by Himmler as a "Elite" formation inside the Nazi system itself consisting of the best men the German Reich has to offer, geneticaly seen. And even later the W-SS with German Soldiers as core was used as a elite formation inside the Military. The W-SS was one of the organisation with the highest looses which shows again the motivation of the soldiers. The SS was the army which loost most Generals. One per division on average! Most probably have not been die hard nazis. But they have been die hard fighters.
One can not exclude the one from the other. The members of the SS are a very gray area, just like every part of the war. But not the organisatoin it self
I dont accuse ANYONE here as a nazi member or something. But you hear this kind of the "W-SS (etc.)" was not a criminal organisatoin from many sides of the neo-nazi scene. But that is a wrong and sorry to say that wishfull thinking.
Again one has to make a difference between the "organisation" and its motivations since the SS as whole was lead by one single person only responsible to Hitler or if you want to discus the individual soldier/officer/general which happend to be a member in the SS.
Neither Rommel, Von Tresckow or Stauffenberg have been completely "black" or "white". But that doesnt make the whole war or the motivations of their leaders now suddenly gray either. John Rabe was a member of the Nazi party and seen Hitler as a good leader. Still doesnt change the Nazi party beeing a bad organisatoin